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• Ethnic/religious groups of Habsburg Empire
• Historical breakup of Yugoslavia ('91-'09)
• Muslim populations in European countries
• History of Christianization of Europe
• Soviet Union, Communist influence
• Map of European ethnic groups
• Map of Fascism in Europe (1922-75)
• History of Islamic conquest in Europe
• Religions & ethnic groups in Russia
• Detailed map of French colonization
• Detailed map of British colonization
• Napoleon's conquests & legacy
• Ethnic & religious map of pre-Nazi Poland

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• Pecs, Hungary: collision point between
Muslim and Christian empires

• Auschwitz and Birkenau
• Poland's resistance to Nazis in pictures
• Muhammad cartoon crisis in pictures
• Stalin's private summer home
• Ravenna: capital of Gothic empire
• Czar Nicholas II's Ukrainian palace
• European traditional cultural costumes
• Inside the Vatican, house of all wealth
• Banknotes/currencies of Europe
• Croatia's Dubrovnik, untarnished gem

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• Islamic Mujahidin vs. Christian Spain
• Poland-Lithuania vs. Teutonic Order
• Nevskiy's Russia vs. German Crusaders
• Prussia vs. France (Nazi Propaganda)
• Libya: Europe will soon be Islamic
• Ivan the Terrible vs. Muslim Tatars
• Soviet Propaganda: Defeat of Germany  

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An analysis of Mussolini's 1938 racialist legislation
The disastrous effects of Soviet collectivization on Kazakhstan
Changing meaning of Italian identity under Fascist rule
Yugoslavia's independent break from East and West
The Galicians: the Celts of Spain
The modern Macedonian Slavs and Alexander the Great
• An argument for the Romanians' links to ancient Dacians
• Mussolini's Italian death camp for Jews, Slovenes, and Marxists
• The disappeared Jews of Hungary and the Arrow Cross regime
• The Gypsies in history and today, Europe's public enemy
• History of Jihad in Chechnya vs. Russians
• History of the Muslim Tatars in Eastern Europe
• Post-WWII expulsion of 10 million ethnic German civilians
• Ethnic & religious history of Serbs, Croats, & Bosnians
• Breakaway states and independence movements in Europe
• The ancient Germanic Runic alphabet and Runestones
• Teutonic Order and their 800-year legacy in Eastern Europe
• 460-year struggle for Albanian homeland, and 540 for Kosovo
• 2,800-year-old white mummies of China, bringers of Buddhism?
• Alexander the Great's Greek descendents in Pakistan?
• Visual History of Yugoslavia and its breakup (1918-2008)

 

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Photo gallery of Albania, Europe's most unique ex-Communist Muslim nation
by James Mayfield (Chairman, European Heritage Library)

Print this Article    •    About the Author    •    Bibliography/Sources

This is a rare collection of photographs of Albania, a unique European country like no other, with a bizarre language and heritage of its own. A half-century of Communist dictatorship made this nation one of the most economically ruined of Europe, a tragic stand-still of decline and entropy. It is Europe's only Muslim-majority nation along with Kosovo, which is ethnically Albanian as well. Please read this article to see my observations that go with these photos from my research trip. Also read my essay on the 540-year struggle for an Albanian homeland, and 540 for Kosovo to understand the history of this proud people. The photos were taken by me during my 2007 vacation.



Enver Hoxha, the communist dictator who ruled Albania for nearly a half-century


Albanian men stand idly in the cities for hours at a time


In "developing" cities, most of the city is desolated and demolished with improvident construction projects (CLICK TO ENLARGE)


My photo of an Albanian housing tract. The houses are delapidated and in very close proximity (CLICK TO ENLARGE)


Albania has housing projects that were developed during the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha and his successors Ramiz Alia and Sali Berisha. The majority are broken-down with trash littering the streets. The ruins below are of a synagogue that the migrating Slavs demolished after the 5th century. Slavs often argue that the Albanians are simply uncultured Slavs. The Albanians insist that they are proud ancient Illyrians (CLICK TO ENLARGE)


My photo of a building with the paint peeled off, partially burnt, and broken down. It seems abandoned, but it is not. This is typical of the whole city in Saranda (CLICK TO ENLARGE)


clothes hanging to dry atop a broken and ruined home. This is ubiquitous.


the city from above.


another photo of mine of the houses against the backdrop of the lush valley.


a traditional Albanian home. The rural areas of Albania are literally reminiscent of the feudal age.


one of Albania's few churches after the Turkish Jihad and Communist periods.


the town's sole notable mosque. Sunni and quite plain.


an Albanian "family" pillbox bunker.


the beautiful Blue Eye spring.

 

 

________________________________________

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

James Mayfield is a historian and the Chairman of the European Heritage Library. I have a Cum Laude BA in History with a Minor in Germanic Studies (language and history), am presently working for my Masters in History, and plan to immediately progress to my PhD Doctorate. I have a special academic interest in Europe's diverse ethnic identities, languages, and cultures, and the political struggles of native European and immigrant minority identities. See my staff entry for more information.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY/SOURCES USED:

Personal photos and observations.


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