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• Ethnic/religious groups of Habsburg Empire
• Historical breakup of Yugoslavia ('91-'09)
• Muslim populations in European countries
• History of Christianization of Europe
• Soviet Union, Communist influence
• Map of European ethnic groups
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• Religions & ethnic groups in Russia
• Detailed map of French colonization
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• Napoleon's conquests & legacy
• Ethnic & religious map of pre-Nazi Poland

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• Pecs, Hungary: collision point between
Muslim and Christian empires

• Auschwitz and Birkenau
• Poland's resistance to Nazis in pictures
• Muhammad cartoon crisis in pictures
• Stalin's private summer home
• Ravenna: capital of Gothic empire
• Czar Nicholas II's Ukrainian palace
• European traditional cultural costumes
• Inside the Vatican, house of all wealth
• Banknotes/currencies of Europe
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• Islamic Mujahidin vs. Christian Spain
• Poland-Lithuania vs. Teutonic Order
• Nevskiy's Russia vs. German Crusaders
• Prussia vs. France (Nazi Propaganda)
• Libya: Europe will soon be Islamic
• Ivan the Terrible vs. Muslim Tatars
• Soviet Propaganda: Defeat of Germany  

--MORE & NON-ENGLISH--

An analysis of Mussolini's 1938 racialist legislation
The disastrous effects of Soviet collectivization on Kazakhstan
Changing meaning of Italian identity under Fascist rule
Yugoslavia's independent break from East and West
The Galicians: the Celts of Spain
The modern Macedonian Slavs and Alexander the Great
• An argument for the Romanians' links to ancient Dacians
• Mussolini's Italian death camp for Jews, Slovenes, and Marxists
• The disappeared Jews of Hungary and the Arrow Cross regime
• The Gypsies in history and today, Europe's public enemy
• History of Jihad in Chechnya vs. Russians
• History of the Muslim Tatars in Eastern Europe
• Post-WWII expulsion of 10 million ethnic German civilians
• Ethnic & religious history of Serbs, Croats, & Bosnians
• Breakaway states and independence movements in Europe
• The ancient Germanic Runic alphabet and Runestones
• Teutonic Order and their 800-year legacy in Eastern Europe
• 460-year struggle for Albanian homeland, and 540 for Kosovo
• 2,800-year-old white mummies of China, bringers of Buddhism?
• Alexander the Great's Greek descendents in Pakistan?
• Visual History of Yugoslavia and its breakup (1918-2008)

 

--MORE & NON-ENGLISH--

 

Photo Gallery of Muslim Turkey and the former Byzantine capital
by James Mayfield (Chairman, European Heritage Library)

Print this Article    •    About the Author    •    Bibliography/Sources

This is a gallery of my photographs from my vacation in 2007 to Turkey. Understanding the cultural and social, and especially religious dimensions of this ultra-nationalistic nation is important to answer the question of whether or not Turkey, as by no means a European nation or culture, is right or not for EU membership.

To read the complete history and cultural, ethnic, and religious observation of this magnificent Muslim country, read my other article.

 


A statue of Mustafa Kamal, the founding father, next to a massive Islamic flag.


My photo of a huge gallery of sultans' tombs inside a mosque, with hand-sewn cloths with Arabic inscriptions and strange "headstones" with turbans. (click to enlarge)


My photo of flags everywhere. This is not simply a trait of monuments; such is seen with every turn of the head. (click to enlarge)


Islam, the Ottoman heritage, and Turkish national pride are indivisible despite the ultra-secular law code


My photo of Istanbul from the sea. Notice the massive minarets everywhere (Suleyman mosque left, Hagia Sophia right). (click to enlarge)


My photo of the magnificent Blue Mosque. (click to enlarge)


My photo of the Blue Mosque interior. (click to enlarge)


My photo of the Blue Mosque interior. (click to enlarge)


My photo of another interior shot. No infidels (Jews, Christians) allowed in the main area. Women are segregated.


My photo of another interior wall with Arabic inscription on a plaque.


My photo of the Blue Mosque's ceiling.


My photo of an ablution bath for ritual bathing under an Arabic verse from al-Qur'an.


My photo of Muslims performing ritual collective bathing. Women are segregated. (click to enlarge)


An obvious foreigner sitting with shoes on the steps of the mosque. The sign reads "sitting on the steps is absolutely forbidden." Turks look at her with rage.


My photo of the ancient government-subsidized silkworm extraction art for rugmaking. (click to enlarge)


The House of the Virgin Mary. Mythology or truth? (click to enlarge)


A wall for pilgrims' notes and offerings to Heaven, Mary, and Jesus.


My photo of the Greco-Roman Celsus Library, considered one of the greatest ancient monuments still standing. (click to enlarge)


My photo of the Greco-Roman city of Ephesus' walkway. Akin to stepping back in time. (click to enlarge)


My photo of a downtown Turkish bazaar only 20 paces from a lovely mosque. (click to enlarge)


My photo of downtown Kusadasi with a mosque in view next to restaurants and a huqqah bar. (click to enlarge)


My photo of an ancient Roman water reservoir.


My photo of the exterior of the legendary Hagia Sophia -- one of the greatest buildings ever built. (click to enlarge)


My photo of the interior of the Hagia Sophia. (click to enlarge)


My photo of another interior shot. (click to enlarge)


The center of the Ayasofya mosque: the Mihrab. This shows the direction of Makkah.


An ancient ablution area for ritual bathing outside the Hagia Sophia.


My photo of a covered Christian mosaic in the Ayasofya. It was sealed after the jihad succeeded. Depictions of God or prophets (like Jesus/Isa) is forbidden in Islam, at least so long as his face is not shown (click to enlarge)


My photo of the entrance to the Grand Bazaar, with Arabic script atop.


My photo of the interior of the Grand Bazaar.


My photo of the entrance to the Topkapi sultan's palace. (click to enlarge)


My photo of the exit gate to the palace.


My photo of a sultan's mausoleum. (click to enlarge)


My photo of a ceiling of a mosque in the Topkapi palace, the sultan's main home.


My photo of Mehmet II the Conquerer's sword with verses from al-Qur'an written on it. He is the sultan whose Jihad ended the Byzantine Empire forever.

 

 

________________________________________

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

James Mayfield is a historian and the Chairman of the European Heritage Library. I have a Cum Laude BA in History with a Minor in Germanic Studies (language and history), am presently working for my Masters in History, and plan to immediately progress to my PhD Doctorate. I have a special academic interest in Europe's diverse ethnic identities, languages, and cultures, and the political struggles of native European and immigrant minority identities. See my staff entry for more information.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY/SOURCES USED:

No additional citations or sources necessary.


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