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• Ethnic/religious groups of Habsburg Empire
• Historical breakup of Yugoslavia ('91-'09)
• Muslim populations in European countries
• History of Christianization of Europe
• Soviet Union, Communist influence
• Map of European ethnic groups
• Map of Fascism in Europe (1922-75)
• History of Islamic conquest in Europe
• Religions & ethnic groups in Russia
• Detailed map of French colonization
• Detailed map of British colonization
• Napoleon's conquests & legacy
• Ethnic & religious map of pre-Nazi Poland

--MORE & NON-ENGLISH--



• Pecs, Hungary: collision point between
Muslim and Christian empires

• Auschwitz and Birkenau
• Poland's resistance to Nazis in pictures
• Muhammad cartoon crisis in pictures
• Stalin's private summer home
• Ravenna: capital of Gothic empire
• Czar Nicholas II's Ukrainian palace
• European traditional cultural costumes
• Inside the Vatican, house of all wealth
• Banknotes/currencies of Europe
• Croatia's Dubrovnik, untarnished gem

--MORE & NON-ENGLISH--

• Islamic Mujahidin vs. Christian Spain
• Poland-Lithuania vs. Teutonic Order
• Nevskiy's Russia vs. German Crusaders
• Prussia vs. France (Nazi Propaganda)
• Libya: Europe will soon be Islamic
• Ivan the Terrible vs. Muslim Tatars
• Soviet Propaganda: Defeat of Germany  

--MORE & NON-ENGLISH--

An analysis of Mussolini's 1938 racialist legislation
The disastrous effects of Soviet collectivization on Kazakhstan
Changing meaning of Italian identity under Fascist rule
Yugoslavia's independent break from East and West
The Galicians: the Celts of Spain
The modern Macedonian Slavs and Alexander the Great
• An argument for the Romanians' links to ancient Dacians
• Mussolini's Italian death camp for Jews, Slovenes, and Marxists
• The disappeared Jews of Hungary and the Arrow Cross regime
• The Gypsies in history and today, Europe's public enemy
• History of Jihad in Chechnya vs. Russians
• History of the Muslim Tatars in Eastern Europe
• Post-WWII expulsion of 10 million ethnic German civilians
• Ethnic & religious history of Serbs, Croats, & Bosnians
• Breakaway states and independence movements in Europe
• The ancient Germanic Runic alphabet and Runestones
• Teutonic Order and their 800-year legacy in Eastern Europe
• 460-year struggle for Albanian homeland, and 540 for Kosovo
• 2,800-year-old white mummies of China, bringers of Buddhism?
• Alexander the Great's Greek descendents in Pakistan?
• Visual History of Yugoslavia and its breakup (1918-2008)

 

--MORE & NON-ENGLISH--

 

History of the Warsaw Pact map
by James Mayfield (Chairman, European Heritage Library)

Print this Article        About the Author        Bibliography/Sources

Below is an map the EHL has published charting the historic power and influence of the Soviet Union on the former Axis nations in Central and Eastern Europe, specifically the Warsaw Pact union of Soviet allies in the so-called "Eastern Bloc" (the Warsaw Pact) from its formation in 1955 until its dissolution and that of the Soviet Union in 1991. If you have any questions,
feel free to notify us.

 

Mapping Information & Extra Notes:

In short, the Warsaw Pact has typically been identified as a collection of Soviet "puppet states" that obeyed the dictate of Moscow during the Cold War. In reality, this notion is extremely short-sighted and oversimplified. After 1953, when Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin's supposed excesses opened the way for alternate roads to independent socialist development, the "satellites" of the Eastern Bloc cultivated their own independent ideologies and pursued highly independent courses so long as they did not challenge the primacy of the Soviet Union. Poland and Romania were independent all but in name. Albania and Yugoslavia spat on the Kremlin and broke entirely. The "Eastern Bloc," like Communism, was by no means one singular unit during the Cold War. Nonetheless, the "Communist" nations of Eastern Europe maintained an economic partnership, as well as a ceremonial alliance, to check the expansion of the "capitalist" initiatives like NATO and the Marshall Plan. To read my dissertation on most of the world's conscious break from both "East" and "West" during the Cold War, including that of Eastern Europe, read this article.

The Soviet Union (USSR) is shown in red to show the borders of the host power in contrast with the puppet Warsaw Pact states. So too, the Jugoslav republic is shown in green, as each of the three powers remained relatively independent but offered mutual assistance both ideologically and financially under Khruschev. Yugoslavia formally broke from the East (the Warsaw Pact did not yet exist) after 1948, when the USSR was ruled by Stalin, and resumed peaceful relations when it was ruled by Khrushchev. The Warsaw Pact is shown in blue, including Albania until 1968.

Dates and information are shown by each nation to show the duration of membership in the Warsaw Pact union, and any noted revolts and revolutions against the Soviets.

Click the below map for the full-size version! Click on the map to zoom.

If an error has been made, please notify the EHL Staff.

 

 

________________________________________

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

James Mayfield is a historian and the Chairman of the European Heritage Library. I have a Cum Laude BA in History with a Minor in Germanic Studies (language and history), am presently working for my Masters in History, and plan to immediately progress to my PhD Doctorate. I have a special academic interest in Europe's diverse ethnic identities, languages, and cultures, and the political struggles of native European and immigrant minority identities. See my staff entry for more information.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY/SOURCES USED:

The image used as the basis for the map is widely redistributed and is not protected.

 

 


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